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Mutual Fund Q&A: 
Knowing Your Risk Target
Author: Ticker Magazine
123jump.com
Last Update: 10:00 AM EDT August 28 2007


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Kevin D. Mahn
  “They could be a core portfolio or a satellite holding depending upon each investor’s goals, but they certainly could fit into any investor portfolio to some degree. After all, everyone is looking for and needs some diversified growth in their portfolio.”
Hennion & Walsh SmartGrowth Lipper Funds

Starting with the premise that different investors have different resources, risk tolerances and objectives, the Hennion & Walsh SmartGrowth Lipper Funds represent portfolios in which the risk levels are differentiated across each of the Funds. Based on the recently released Lipper ETF indices, the funds provide exposure to various market sectors, geographies, and asset classes, modeled to respond to the need for growth-oriented portfolios with balanced risk.

 
Q:  What is your investment philosophy and how does it differentiate your Funds?

A: The SmartGrowth Lipper Funds are the result of our attempt to blend asset allocation with exchange traded funds, and aim to provide for an optimal portfolio solution for investors looking for growth, while balancing risk at the same time.

Our investment philosophy for these Funds stems from our beliefs and observations about investor needs and behavior. After the bear markets between 2000 and 2002, we saw investors moving towards asset allocation oriented products like target maturity funds, lifestyle funds, and separately managed accounts. We also saw the emergence of a relatively new product, the exchange traded fund, and we acknowledged its diversification potential, transparency, tax efficiency, and low cost.

We approached several different market data providers in the industry, and we selected Lipper, a Reuters Company, to turn our idea into reality because of its renowned research in the mutual fund and the ETF space. We have great respect for Andrew Clark and his research team, and we believe that they have introduced a groundbreaking methodology to the asset management community.

A main differentiator of the SmartGrowth Lipper Funds is that they are target risk funds, not target maturity funds. Their underlying indexes are created and managed by Lipper based on the assumption that not all investors have the same financial resources or objectives. As you probably know, that is a big difference with target maturity funds, because target risk funds like the SmartGrowth Lipper Funds seek to generate maximum potential return for different levels of risk. For example, a 60-year old investor may be eager to take on a little bit more risk in his IRA than in the outside accounts, while a target maturity fund doesn’t necessarily address that.

Another key differentiator is that the Lipper indices don’t set any artificial constraints on top of each portfolio. They don’t define a balanced portfolio as being 55% in equities and 45% in bonds, and then optimize below those constraints. Overall, Lipper evaluates every available ETF and arrives at a subset of ETFs through an unbiased and quantitative process. The indices may include commodity-oriented, currency-oriented, traditional asset class, or geography ETFs, in a diversified portfolio that has enough uncorrelated underlying securities to deliver the diversification that most investors are looking for.

Q:  Could you explain in more detail the classification of target risks? How are the separate risk categories defined?

A: Lipper has launched five different target risk indices, which range from very conservative to aggressive growth. Andrew Clark, the head of research at Lipper, has often said that the standard deviation of the very conservative category would be about 10%, while the deviation of the aggressive growth category would be no greater than 20%. Obviously, the three indices in the middle would fall in between.

At Hennion & Walsh, we have launched three open-ended mutual funds, the SmartGrowth Lipper Funds that track the conservative, the moderate, and the growth-oriented indices of Lipper. While all the indices are growth oriented, some of them take on more risk in the portfolio with the goal of providing more growth potential.

Q:  How would you describe the typical investors who would take advantage of these funds? Who is the product most appropriate for?

A: I truly believe that the SmartGrowth funds can be beneficial for virtually any household portfolio. They could be a core portfolio or a satellite holding depending upon each investor’s goals, but they certainly could fit into any investor portfolio to some degree. After all, everyone is looking for and needs some diversified growth in their portfolio. Even if your portfolio is concentrated in fixed income, you still need to maintain the purchasing power of your dollars (i.e. keep up with inflation) and to build in some diversification. Investors need to remember that all asset classes do not move in lock-step with one another. In June, for example, rates were rising and bond prices were going down, while equities went up with both the Dow Jones and the S&P 500 surpassing their all-time highs.

The SmartGrowth Lipper Funds would fit the needs of investors at the early stages of their investment careers, who are looking to take on risk in the portfolio, but don’t know what stocks to pick, how to time the market, or how to use ETFs effectively. Investors who rely on fixed income may need some inflation hedge built into their portfolio. These investors often don’t understand the equity market and are afraid of the volatility associated with it, so our Funds would provide a viable solution for them. An investor who actually has an IRA, or an old 401K rolled over into a traditional IRA, may be looking for growth. He/She may not know what stocks to pick and are afraid to try and time the market so they might select the SmartGrowth Lipper funds to help address their specific needs.

In essence, this is an actively managed portfolio of passive securities. Our Funds provide investors with Lipper’s independent and professional research that guides their portfolios, active management that updates the portfolio on a quarterly basis and strives to keep the Indexes and associated index tracking Funds positioned to outperform without taking on too much risk.

Q:  What is the rationale behind creating and supporting the underlying Lipper indices?

A: I would certainly recommend that you speak with Andrew Clark of Lipper as well, but as I understand it Lipper begins the process by evaluating every available ETF in the U.S. marketplace. It applies initial selection criteria, which consist of four key components. First, they eliminate the ETFs that haven’t been active for at least six months. Liquidity is another important criteria and Lipper requires at least one million shares traded per day at this point in time. Then they look at the expense ratios to select the ETFs with lowest expenses. The final cut is the highest correlation to the underlying index.

That process narrows down a current universe of about 600 ETFs down to about 200 ETFs. Then, they perform a statistical routine factor analysis to narrow down the universe of ETFs even further. Through that analysis they arrive at the smallest number of ETFs that explains the variations in the larger remaining set of ETFs. At its conclusion, the universe of ETFs further declines to approximately 39 ETFs.

The next step is to perform a mean variance optimization (“MVO”) of these final 39 ETFs to create an optimal combination of ETFs for each portfolio. These combinations aim to deliver the maximum potential return for the quarter within each of the different risk profiles.

This process is run at the end of each quarter. There’s no subjectivity, no predictive element, and no human emotion involved in the selection of the ETFs or the construction of the portfolio. The process follows a strict methodology and it is probably worthwhile to point out that Lipper has applied for a federal trademark for this methodology.

Q:  How do you construct the portfolio based on the Lipper ETF indexes? How does the transition from an index to a fund occur? Do you mirror the Lipper indices entirely?

A: A lot of this information can be found in Funds’ Prospectus, which I would strongly encourage any potential investor to read before making a decision to invest. A copy of the Prospectus can be obtained by calling 888-465-5722 or downloading one at http://www.smartgrowthfunds.com
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